Nanotechnology: Global Prospects and Possible Introduction in Nigeria’s

Nanotechnology can be defined as the study of the manipulation and application of matter on a molecular scale. According to Wikipedia, it generally deals with developing materials or other structures possessing a size of at least one hundred nanometers. The concepts of nanotechnology were considered fiction until December 29, 1959 during a talk entitled Theres plenty of Room at the Bottom by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology. In this talk, Feynman described a attend to by which individual atoms and molecules can be controlled and manipulated. The term, Nanotechnology was coined over a decade later by Professor Norio Taniguchi. It wasnt until 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope that could see individual atoms, that contemporary nanotechnology began (National Nanotechnology Initiative n.d). It is difficult to envision how small nanotechnology is. An illus trative practice given by the National Nanotechnology Initiative is a sheet of newspaper is one hundred thousand nanometers thick. This kind of size is extremely small and cannot flush be seen by the typical microscopes used in high school science classes.Although the study is a new one, nanoscale materials have been in use for centuries. The colorize of the stained glasses of medieval churches built hundreds of years ago were created by alternate sized gold and silver particles. The artists then did not know the process they employed to create those works of art. Todays scientists on the other hand are discovering a variety of ways to exploit the science and its deepen properties like higher strength, lighter weight and so on.The impending ... ...ll also be in the application stages of the study. Works CitedNanotechnology 101. National Nanotechnology Initiative. n.d Web. 29 may 2012. http//www.nano.gov/nanotech-101Nanotechnology Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foun dation, n.d Web. 29 May 2012. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NanotechnologyDr. Ayman El-Fatatry. Defense Applications Systems Engineering Innovation Centre n.d PDF file. 29 May 2012Admin. Nanotechnology in Medicine - Nanomedicine UnderstandingNano. n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. http//www.understandingnano.com/medicine.htmlJoseph, Tiju and Mark Morrison. Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food. European Nanotechnology Gateway. May 2006. Print. 29 May 2012.News Agency of Nigeria. Government of Nigeria approves nanotechnology plan August 13, 2007. Web. 29 May 2012. http//www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=2364.php

The Destruction of an African Culture :: essays research papers

Taking a glimpse into the lives of natives from the Ibo hostel in Africa, including villages such as Umuofia, the high regard which is held for traditions is quite evident. It was a way of life. Religion was something that was taken very seriously, regarded as sacred it helped define worldy of their customs. These customs were undoubtedly soundless throughout the village, and followed without question. With this kind of structured society the specific outcome for any turn of events was made clear, the future was made certain until a cutting faith was unexpectedly introduced by the Europeans. The white mans beliefs flooded the land and changed the course of the forth approach within their society.The invasion of this new way of life brought rough changes, both positive and negative, to the Ibo culture. After the Europeans lettered more about the culture of how the Africans worked, they built up a check and hospital in hopes to educate the batch and create potential leaders. Here, both green and old were taught to read and write, and the results were quickly evident. Court messengers, clerks and even teachers arose from the educated. The schools expanded in other regions also bringing with them the church service and religion. Since faith was the foundation of their education, those who attended the school were taught the way of the white man, including their beliefs, which helped to spread this new form of religion - Christianity. A certain stability was also derived from this new education. If Umuofia failed to send her children to the school, strangers would come from other places to triumph them. (Achebe, p181) Knowledge gained would help the state protect themselves against any outsiders. It would give them a better understanding on how to conduct themselves both physically and as a people. Since they were a culture based almost solely on what was known to them from past experiences, and being unsure of the outside, they would hand over had no defense against any intruders coming into their land. Examples of this are highly evident in the case of the white man coming in. The introduction of such a religion also brought about umteen personal changes, good and bad, to the people of this area. Equality was something unperceived by the Africans. They had a certain standard for living. Some people were considered outcasts by society and forbidden mob with the free man twins were given up to the Evil Forest for death and thought of as evil.The remainder of an African Culture essays research papers Taking a glimpse into the lives of natives from the Ibo society in Africa, including villages such as Umuofia, the high regard which is held for traditions is quite evident. It was a way of life. Religion was something that was taken very seriously, regarded as sacred it helped define many of their customs. These customs were undoubtedly understood throughout the village, and followed without question. With this kind of struc tured society the specific outcome for any turn of events was made clear, the future was made certain until a new religion was unexpectedly introduced by the Europeans. The white mans beliefs flooded the land and changed the course of the forthcoming within their society.The invasion of this new way of life brought about changes, both positive and negative, to the Ibo culture. After the Europeans learned more about the culture of how the Africans worked, they built up a school and hospital in hopes to educate the people and create potential leaders. Here, both young and old were taught to read and write, and the results were quickly evident. Court messengers, clerks and even teachers arose from the educated. The schools expanded in other regions also bringing with them the church and religion. Since faith was the foundation of their education, those who attended the school were taught the way of the white man, including their beliefs, which helped to spread this new form of religio n - Christianity. A certain stability was also derived from this new education. If Umuofia failed to send her children to the school, strangers would come from other places to rule them. (Achebe, p181) Knowledge gained would help the people protect themselves against any outsiders. It would give them a better understanding on how to defend themselves both physically and as a people. Since they were a culture based almost solely on what was known to them from past experiences, and being unsure of the outside, they would have had no defense against any intruders coming into their land. Examples of this are highly evident in the case of the white man coming in. The introduction of such a religion also brought about many personal changes, good and bad, to the people of this area. Equality was something unperceived by the Africans. They had a certain standard for living. Some people were considered outcasts by society and forbidden fellowship with the free man twins were given up to the Evil Forest for death and thought of as evil.

The Hoover Dam and Its Construction Essay -- Hoover Dam Research Paper

Outside of China, the United States is the most-dammed country on the planet. Counting hardly dams taller than fifty feet high, the U.S. has some 5,000 dams that range from giant hydroelectric dams such as the Grand Coulee in Washington State to flood control dams in the selenium and dams that provide water for irrigation in California. Overall the United States has as some as 2.5 million dams of one sort or another. The design and construction of many of these dams alsok place between 1930 and 1975. This 45 years stay is known as the golden age of dam building, starting with the construction of the Hoover Dam reference in 1931. By the 1970s the golden age of dam construction began to come to an end with increased concerns of the impacts of dams on their surroundings. To better understand this time period I will look at the construction of Hoover Dam during the 1930s followed by an examination many of todays arguments for and against dams i. The nee d for a dam on the Colorado River was known decades before construction actually began due to the numerous destructive floods of the Colorado River. A need for water and electrical energy was also discovered to help with the development of the West. But there were many factors standing in the way such a large-scale construction project. Finally, in 1927 a bill detailing the project passed in Congress. Many construction companies began to look over the proposals but most agreed that the plan was too ambitious, too difficult, the project site was too unforgiving, and that the technology was not available to build a dam of that sizeii. Hoover Dam is located in the Black Canyon, on the Colorado River, about thirty miles southeast of Las V... ...onomic impacts of the dam, the impacts of removal, and the economic costs.Notesi Davy, Emma. Robofish Current Science March 2, 2001 10.ii http//www.hooverdam.usbr.gov/iii http//xroads.virginia.edu/MA98/haven/hoover/front2.html iv http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/hoover/5 Robbins, Elaine. Damning Dams. E Jan 1999 14.6 Franklin, Chris. Let the Colorado River run free. Earth Island Journal Spring 1997 23.7 http//www/irn.org/8 Not so fast Eliminating dams Why dams thunder mug be green. The economist March 3, 2001 4.9 Wade, Beth. Bringing down the dams. American City and County June 1999 20.10 Knocking down dams A good year for alewives. The Economist July 29, 2000 32.11 http//www.saveourdams.com/12 McMahon, Richard Jr. Lets not damn the dams. The Business Journal January 28, 2000 47.

Dimmesdales versus Danforths Sins in Hawthornes Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

In the words of Alexander Pope To err is human. Everybody makes sneaks. It is human nature. However, how one deals with the mistake is much more important than the mistake itself. In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Arthur Millers The Crucible, Dimmesdale and Danforths sins have similar motives, but the characters have distinctly different methods of sin and resolution.Dimmesdale is a selfish coward. He does not operate on toward anything substantial. Although he supposedly loves Hester, he refuses to admit that he was her ?fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer? ( Hawthorne, 65). When Pearl asks Dimmesdale to accompany her and her mother when they stand at the scaffold, he refuses for fear of public exposure. He has assemble Pearl and her mother through a lot, but will not stand along side them during their public shame, even though he is the get of it. Danforth, like Dimmesdale, is cowardly and selfish. He thinks solely of himself and his position of power as he sends doz ens of people to the gallows. He refuses to let the accused have sporty trials, denying their requests for legal representation and having a jury of corrupt young girls in charge of sentencing. He does everything he can to keep himself from losing credibility.Both Dimmesdale and Danforth put their careers first. Dimmesdale proves this invariably throughout the book by considering his own career and distinction a higher priority than Hester, the woman who loves him, and his child, who must grow up, corrupt in the look of society, like her mother. Danforth cherishes his position above all else. When Parris, fearing for his well-being, asks Danforth to postpone further sentencing, he replies ?There will be no postponement? (Miller 128). He does not involve the townspeople to think he is wavering and fears they will begin to doubt the so-called ?good? of what he is doing for the town and its God-fearing citizens. Danforth and Dimmesdale contrast in the bureau of their sins of commi ssion and omission. Although Dimmesdale does not openly admit his sins until the end of the story, they feed on his conscience, causing him to engage in self-torturing practices. He confuses the destruction and weakening of himself for penance for his sin. aid by Hester?s angered husband, Dimmesdale weakens himself so much, that he uses the last of his strength in his confession and he dies in Hester?s arms. Danforth suspects he is sending absolved people to their deaths, but through the love of his office, he does not stop his corrupt practices nor attempt to right his wrongs.

The Cold War Essay -- American History Cold War Violence Essays

From the years 1947 through 1965 the United States was feeling a big wallop from the cold War on their ways of life. The biggest impact of this was seen among the middle class who were quickly rising to be the social class majority. From 1946 until 1964 births were reaching record highs with 76 trillion babies. This was an increase from just 44 million from 1929 through 1945. With a post-war perspective, Americans ?were better off than ever before?. This could partly be due to the economic boom that had swept the country after human being War II was over. This boom was led by the automobile, construction, and defense industries this boom lasted for twenty-five years. All of these changes in American culture were due to breakout of the Cold War (Norton 788).The United States, in the year 1947, Harry Truman had been president for two years. Unfortunately, as Vice President, Truman had been kept in the dark from Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the current President) about armame nt and foreign objectives. Having to deal with the onset of the Cold War, Truman was also confused and felt inadequate. He managed to anger almost everyone including liberals and conservatives, farmers, consumers, and union members (Norton 788). It definitely did not help that from 1949 to 1950 harmful things kept happening to the United States. In June of 1949 the Soviet Union set off a nuclear weapon test bomb in Siberia. It was proclaimed to the country as a complete in September of the same year. This managed to leave the United States very vulnerable however, it would be hard for the Soviets to deliver a nuclear weapon and to detonate it within the boundaries of the country. In 1949 the Civil War in China between the Nationalists and the Co... ...in the suburbs. The people who fled to the newly formed suburbs were often in a group of their own many were white middle-class families. This led to definite lines being drawn between races. The minoritie s consisting of African Americans, Hispanics, and others stayed in the cities. The change was so pronounced that many have called the movement of white from the cities to the suburbs ?white flight? (Manzione). This caused a very restrictive and rigid culture among the races. Americans as a whole went through many different thought processes during the Cold War era. They went from thinking they were virtually invincible to realizing that their world could crumble in a matter of transactions with weapons of mass destruction. The Soviet Union challenged America during this time period and this created many cultural changes and complexities.

The Cold War Essay -- American History Cold War Violence Essays

From the years 1947 through 1965 the United States was feeling a big impact from the Cold War on their ways of life. The biggest impact of this was seen among the middle class who were quickly rising to be the social class majority. From 1946 until 1964 births were reaching record highs with 76 million babies. This was an increase from just 44 million from 1929 through 1945. With a post-war perspective, Americans ?were better off than ever before?. This could partly be due to the economic boom that had swept the country after World War II was over. This boom was led by the automobile, construction, and defense industries this boom lasted for twenty-five years. All of these changes in American culture were due to breakout of the Cold War (Norton 788).The United States, in the year 1947, Harry Truman had been president for two years. Unfortunately, as Vice President, Truman had been unbroken in the dark from Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the current President) about military an d foreign objectives. Having to deal with the onset of the Cold War, Truman was also confused and felt inadequate. He managed to anger most e very(prenominal)one including liberals and conservatives, farmers, consumers, and union members (Norton 788). It definitely did not help that from 1949 to 1950 bad things kept happening to the United States. In June of 1949 the Soviet Union set off a atomic weapon test bomb in Siberia. It was announced to the country as a whole in September of the same year. This managed to leave the United States very vulnerable however, it would be hard for the Soviets to deliver a nuclear weapon and to detonate it within the boundaries of the country. In 1949 the Civil War in China in the midst of the Nationalists and the Co... ...in the suburbs. The people who fled to the newly formed suburbs were often in a group of their own many were white middle-class families. This led to definite lines being skeletal between races. The minorities consisting of African Americans, Hispanics, and others stayed in the cities. The change was so pronounced that many have called the movement of white from the cities to the suburbs ?white flight? (Manzione). This caused a very regulatory and rigid culture among the races. Americans as a whole went through many different thought processes during the Cold War era. They went from thinking they were virtually invincible to realizing that their foundation could crumble in a matter of minutes with weapons of mass destruction. The Soviet Union challenged America during this time period and this created many cultural changes and complexities.

Computer Protection and Maintainance Report Essay

I hope you have received the machine in good working order.Now that you have the machines, there ar several pieces of Utility Software that should be installed on your machine in order to assist with the smooth running and protection of the machine.There are quatern main categories for this Protectioncomputer virusTo protect the computer from malicious packet program program that can break the machine.FirewallTo prevent hackers and malicious programs making internet connections for bad purposes.Clean-up toolsThese stand no protection however they remove unnecessary files and registry entries.They can also remove spy ware sometimes.Disk FormattingThese tools are utilitarian only when arrangeting the disk drive. This doesnt normally need to be done, unless there is a severe problem with the OS.There are several programs that conciliate in each category, and there are advantages and disadvantages to each application. These can include Cost, Resource Footprint and usability. Some times the free utilities can also be the dress hat ones. All vary, some are awful and some are brilliant. Hopefully this email should outline which ones are best for the system, and which ones I would recommend.Virus ProtectionVirus Protection scanners, go through three places to find virii.HDD Looks at every file on the disc.Memory Scans the currently running memory to see if a virus is running nowBehaviour Scans both the memory and stern drive for suspicious well known behaviour and patterns that suggest malicious packetSoftware SuggestionsGRISOFT AVG1. Completely Free 10/102. Anti-Virus & Anti-Spy ware Protection 8/103. Slow Virus Search -3/104. Simple user interface 5/105. Medium Power Footprint 5/10 substance Score = 25/50Very popular solution, highly recommended- go out DEFINITELY PROTECT the machine from viruses and spy ware. But is a drain on resources and takes a long time to scan for threats.NOD32 Anti-Virus1. cost per year 29.95 (for updates + steadfast protection ) 5/102. Antivirus Only 7/103. Regular Virii search speed 5/104. Tricky interface set and freeze style. 3/105. LOW power footprint 10/10Total Score 30/50Not so well known precisely very powerful anti virus system. Will DEFINITELY protect the machine from virii. Will not drain system resources too much and does firm scanning. The only real issues are the lose of Spy ware protection and the expensive price plans.Firewall ProtectionFirewalls control inbound and outbound traffic on either a network or an individual machine. This can be achieved by either packet or hardware. Software is best for your situation.Software SuggestionsWindows Firewall1. Costs Nothing (other than buying windows which is pre installed) 10/102. Inbound Protection Only 4/103. Minimal Interface- set and forget style (with occasional alerts) 4/104. LOW power foot print 9/10Total Score 27/40The windows firewall is an effective and quite protective bankers bill for securing a windows machine although it only h as INBOUND protection, so if a virus is transmitting bad data, the WINDOWS firewall forget not protect you.ZoneAlarm Firewall1. The Free Version is redundant (although a pro version can be bought) 10/102. Inbound + Outbound Protection Alerts for each program 9/103. Complicated, besides comprehensive interface (STOP BUTTON) 6/104. HIGH power footprint 4/10Total Score 29/40Zone Alarm- Firewall Specialists for a long time. Will protect both ways and will request permissions for every program it does not recognise. I highly recommend this software as it provides strong and reliable protection.Clean Up ToolsRegistry Doctor1. This software costs money (17.50) 3/102. This software fixes registry errors, backs up the system, and adjusts the registry for speed. 7/10 (the adjusting could be dangerous)3. Power hungry will take a lot of resources when operational. 4/104. Click and GO Interface, although the system is conglomerate when It comes to advanced settings. 5/10Total Score 19/40Reg istry doctor A often occurrence, simply because of the constant advertising everywhere. This software is a suitable enough solution for most people however I believe it has spy ware built into it, and would not recommend it.Quicksys RegDefrag1. This software is freeware 10/102. This software is a registry defragmenter- it will only optimise it. 4/103. Will take little resources, runs in the reach (like the vista defrag)6/104. Set and Forget interface, no real options and hides during operation 8/10Total Score 28/40Quicksys RegDefrag is a truthful set and forget registry defragmenter and streamliner. I believe this is the better option, as it will pick up redundant keys as it goes however a lack of options somewhat limits this software.Disk FormattingDariks Boot and Nuke (DBAN)1. This software is Free 10/102. This software will overwrite the Hard causal agent with ZEROS however many times you ask it to. 8/103. The computer is busy during the Disk Format (low level physical initi alise)3/104. Set and forget it can take sometime. Limited options 5/10Total Score 26/40DBAN- its a popular and useful tool. It simply erases your hard drive at a low level. It is loud, and you cannot use your OS at the same time- It is a simple FREE, but has limited options.Windows formatting tool1. This software is free with windows. 8/102. The software will perform a high level software format. 5/103. You can only format a drive that windows isnt using. 3/104. You can format a drive to any FS type provided the disk supports it. 7/10Total Score 23/40Windows formatting tool isnt very powerful, is noisy if formatting a hard drive, and is very slow. Although if doing a quick format it will be a bit quicker. You can use your OS, but incredibly slowly.ConclusionBased on the above statistics I would recommend this software* NOD32 Anti Virus* Zone-Alarm PRO Firewall* QuickSys Reg De-Frag* DBAN Boot and NukeI have done my best to always provide a free alternative, but it will not always be the best option. You should make your own decision based, on the facts above, and the software manufacturers website. I put my faith into all product I have mentioned.I hope this email will help you to decide what you need to use to make the computer you will short be receiving, the best machine for miles around.

Torture in Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

Michel Foucault was considered as a postmodernist philosopher. He was known to expose the changing nature of human institutions. In the book Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison, Foucault revealed the evolution of social correction and discipline. Torture was part of this evolution and it disappeared due to the swop in the billet. In the 18th nose candy, twist was routined as a punishment for feloniouss and the public display of violence was done in an effort to discourage crime and show the power of monarchy. In the 19th century, power was shifted to the soul.As a result, changes in correctional methods were do. In Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison, Michel Foucault used the bang of torture to illustrate the change in power and prove the arbitrary nature of disciplinary institutions. In the book, Foucault began his word on torture with the gruesome account of the execution of Damiens the regicide on March 1, 1757 (Foucault, 1977). The details given pr ovide a horrifying picture the criminal, who was clothed with only a shirt, had his flesh torn with the use of pincers.After the flesh was removed, a combination of hot molten lead, oil, resin, sulfur and wax was poured on his body. Initially, it was planned that the body would be torn with the help of horses, which would be force apart. When this plan did not work, the executioner named Samson had to sever the joints. After the limbs were pulled away, the body was burnt to ashes (Foucault, 1977). According to Foucault, torture as punishment was a judicial ritual (Foucault, 1977). To fully understand the notion of torture, it is important to consider the historical context from which it was taken.Foucault wrote that torture had been practiced since the antiquated times and was a significant part of ancient legal procedures. In the 18th century, the monarchical form of government and feudalism was prevalent (Sarup, 1993). The king possessed absolute power, and he manifested this p ower on his subjects. At that point in history, the crime was perceived as similar to sacrilege. This perception was the reason why punishment became the ritual which was not created for the purpose of reform it was make with the intention to uphold the sacredness of a law which had been broken by the criminal (Sarup, 1993).Hence, torture was ineffective as punishment because reform was not its objective. Foucault pointed out that torture was not merely a judicial ritual it was also political in nature (Foucault, 1977). Public execution, like the case of Damiens, involved the participation of sovereign. By committing a crime, the criminal had offended the sovereignty. As a response to the offensive activity, the sovereign would inflict harm on the body of the criminal. Torture was the means in which the offense of the criminal against the sovereign can be undone (Foucault, 1977). Torture as a method of punishment focused on the body.He explained that torture allowed the body of the criminal to reveal the right of the crime (Foucault, 1977). In the brutal ceremony of torture, the body of the offender would create and recreate the truth of the offense. In the context of Damiens execution, his torture presented the truth of the parricide he committed. The authorities relied on the effect on the body to achieve the desired outcome. They believed that the viewing public would react accordingly to the execution they thought that the idle display will decrease the number of crimes because the audience would be overcome with fear.However, this was not the case. The public had a different reaction. The body of the criminal became the source of pity. or else of feeling fear after witnessing the torture, they felt sympathy for the criminal. The broadsheets which documented the details of the crime and the punishment did not succeed in preventing crime quite a, it succeeded in arousing respect from the public. The accounts depicted the object of torture as a hero as opposed to a criminal. In addition, torture became a source of conflict in the midst of the sovereign and the masses.Torture was supposed to be a manifestation of the power of the sovereign on the body it was designed to make the people fear the sovereign. Instead, the public executions made the audience detest the sovereigns power over them and their bodies. As a result, the public often intervened at the executions. Foucault wrote that the criminals had to be guarded from the audience and that the people often attempted to liberate the jailed convicts (Foucault, 1977). Eventually, torture as punishment was rendered obsolete because power was redirected to the soul.In the book, Foucault juxtaposed the account of Damiens torture in the 18th century with the schedule of prisoners in a 19th century jail (Foucault, 1977). This juxtaposition presented the dramatic difference between punishments in those time periods. According to Foucault, the transformation occurred because the pen alty shifted from body to soul. In the past, the punishment was directed towards the body. By the 19th century, torture disappeared because punishment was already directed to the soul. The executioner, who was once a relevant figure, was replaced with new figures of authority.Professionals much(prenominal) as doctors and psychologists took over the correctional process. Foucault claimed that those who were responsible for the transformation of correctional methods had learned to consider the humanity of the criminals they sought to respect and reform the human body rather than diminish it. Prison life was more humane than torture, but both methods of correction were still grounded on power. A new kind of power existed for the criminals, that which resulted in impersonal method of supervision which influenced the psychology of the inmates (Foucault, 1977).Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison is a postmodernist text. Michel Foucault had undermined the stability of institutio ns by exposing its changing nature through his discussion on torture. Foucault illustrated the prevalence and obsolescence of torture as a form of punishment in history. He proved that the existence of torture was due to the manifestation of power on the body. When power was manifested on the soul, it ceased to exist. Indeed, Michel Foucault had shown the arbitrariness of institutions through his discussion on torture.ReferencesFoucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York Vintage Books (Original work published 1975).Sarup, M. (1993). An earlier Guide to Post-structuralism and Postmodernism (2nd ed.).

British Architecture

Finally, the Royal mission on the Historical Monuments of England, currently known as RCHME was added to this body on April 1st, 1999. English inheritances principal role is as the flight attendant of over 400 significant diversified, historical and archaeological sites. Concerning the ownership of these sites, they are principally owned by the body of government or by unavowed that are managed under guardianship contracts. Its major missions are to watch the conservation of the buildings, to give advice, to register and to protect the historic environment.Finally, English heritage owns a humanity archive the National Monuments Records better- known as the English Heritage Archive. English Heritage improves its performances year atter year by asking any various groups and members ot the habitual to take part in consultations and web-based surveys in order to give views on specific issues. 1 1 English Heritage is governed by the Commission which is chaired by Baroness Andrews si nce 2009. The Commission provides the strategic direction of the organization within the policy and resources framework agreed with Government.The Commission is composed by 17 people who are called commissioners and are nominate by the Secretary of State for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 1 1 http//www. english- heritage. org. uk/ The Commissions role is also to delegate operational management to the Chief Executive, Dr Simon Thurley who is supported by an Executive Board of four directors. Moreover, numerous advisory committees and panels advise the commission and administer specialist areas much(prenominal) as The London Advisory Committee or Battlefields Panel.English Heritage has the status of I-JK Governments consultant and a statutory consultant on all aspects concerning the environment and historic sites. Archeology on land and under water is topics considered by this organization such as historic buildings sites and numerous designated landscapes and their historic elements. English Heritage also has the mission to gather official statistics for the Government by publishing the annual Heritage at Risk survey. Its chief(prenominal) goal is to insure the conservation of heritage of England in order to offer future generations the benefit of enjoying this fantastic heritage.English Heritage main precise missions are Managing the national collection of sites, monuments, archive records and photographs Giving grants national and local organizations for the conservation of historic buildings, monuments and landscapes. Advising central UK government on which English heritage assets are nationally important and should be protected by designation Administering and maintaining the register of Englands listed buildings, cheduled monuments, registered battlefields, conservation areas and protected parks and gardens known as The National Heritage List for England.

Videocon Dth

chump AUDIT VIDEOCON DTH 2011 GROUP 1 MAUNIL RITU ROHAN SHOIB SIDDHARTH VARSHA 10/25/2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents BRAND INVENTORY2 HISTORY2 PORTFOLIO OF VIDEOCON PRODUCTS3 BRAND ELEMENTS FOR DTH4 VIDEOCON DTH PRICING, MARKETING AND distribution6 BRAND preliminary10 CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE10 SOURCES OF BRAND EQUITY15 CBBE FOR DTH17 BRAND POSITIONING19 POD AND pop up19 THREATS TO BRAND EQUITY21 RECOMMENDATIONS TO SUSTAIN BRAND EQUITY21 BRAND INVENTORY HISTORYVideocon, founded in 1985 by Nandlal Madhavlal Dhoot, is an Indian multinational with business enterprise into consumer electronics, mobile phones, oil and gas, colour picture glass subway system, telecommunications and DTH. Having interests to expand all over the world, Videocon has not only 17 manufacturing plants in India but as well as has lengthy its stake into countries such as China, Italy, Mexico etc. It is overly the third largestpicture tubemanufacturer in the world.Videocon started with manufacturing Television set s and washing machines in India and eventually in 1990s dismantleed into manufacturing separate consumer electronics and appliances including glass shells for CRT. Once the biggest moves for Videocon was on July 7, 2005, when it acquired the entire stake of Electrolux India and Thompson CPT. It was in the same year that Videocon took over Hyundai Electronics. As they progressed and expanded into fresh businesses, Videocon locomote into the DTH service in July 2009 under the instigator name as Videocon d2h.DTH services had already started to make its presence in the Indian securi quarters industry with the launch of dish antenna TV by Essel Groups Zee Entertainment Enterprises back in 2004, that was soon followed by Tata Sky, Airtel digital Tv and Reliances BIG TV to name a few. make up though Videocon did not have the first mover advantage, they soon built up the service and in Oct 2009, Videocon d2h was awarded as the 4th most Successful marque launched in 2009 by fool Der by Survey done by Business Standard.The offerings soon were differentiated with the introduction of satellite DVDs in Nov 2009 and further the 3D versions of all set top boxes in March 2011. They also offeredLCD& TVs with built-inDTHsatellitereceiver, which was relatively a radical concept unlike the other players who provided only the set top box. By Feb 2010, they grew big and achieved Pan India Operations. PORTFOLIO OF VIDEOCON PRODUCTS The Group Videocon is worth around US$ 4. billion and its smirch portfolio and partners include- AKAI Electrolux Kelvinator Kenstar Toshiba Sansui Hyundai Electronics *In the form of merchandise Operation and Distribution agreement signed The Videocon increases have been segregated based on the interests of the company and includes- * Consumer electronics and appliances * Mobile phones * Oil and gas * Colour picture tube glass * Telecommunications * DTH services The Videocon d2h products portfolio includes- Satellite HD box Satellite HD DVR Satellite HD box (3D) Satellite DVD Satellite LCD Features * Mosaic (12 PIP) Genre wise * Favourites * bilingual Channel Guide * Preview Screen (Full Guide) * Info Bar * Tickers * Active Services Direct Active ( Darshan, State, Channel & East) * Full HD Picture Quality (1080i) * 5 x generation Digital Quality Picture * HDD Sound High Definition Digital Sound * 169 Wide Aspect proportionality * Record upto 200 hours * Slow motion feature * High Definition Satellite Box * Full HD Picture Quality (1080i) * 5 x times Digital Quality Picture * HDD Sound * 169 Wide Aspect Ratio * USB Port * Active Music Space * Multiple Tickers * d2h Movies * Co-axial Digital Audio Output * Smart Power Control * DTH enabled Satellite DVD * USB Port * Multimedia Card Port * DVD / MP3 / VCD / SVCD / ACD / KODAK * DiVX / MPEG-4 compatible * Power summarize * Inbuilt D2H * UV Glossy Look * HD Ready * 2000001 Contrast Ratio * MPEG4 & DVB S2 Technology * Tickers * Energy Meter * Capture Logo Package found on zone and carry Based on zone Based on zone and channels Based on channels - Offers ready(prenominal) - Available - -Warranty Life time Life time Life time Life time - Price Rs. 1390/- Rs. 3990/- Rs. 1690/- Rs. 2690/- Varies with screen size BRAND ELEMENTS FOR DTH About 3 years ago, the Videocon group, with great fanf ar in Los Angeles, launched their new logo to project a more modern look that gave a contemporary feel. The logo was unveil by none other than Videocon tick ambassador Shahrukh Khan. The new logo is based on the consumer-based approach of the brand and its positioning is supposed to be nearer to the consumers heart both in harm of its ideals and philosophies, as well as its servicing characteristics. The brand make-over is aimed at young consumers who have a new international mind-set.Below are the new and old logos and the launch pictures Note how the new logo indicates green and fluidity. The message from Videocon is that it is ready to form adapted t o the changes in the coming times. The logo was brought to life by the two characters Chouw and Mouw which represent the 2 parts of the V of the logo. Both the characters have certain reputation traits based on their physical attributes. A series of short videos of these two characters was presented to promote the new brand image. Although a favourable concept, it washbowl be surmised the new mascots failed to connect with the audience and did not generate enough brand recall.Videocon DTH name has the advantage that the brand name is almost the category name of the brand (direct to home). Hence, in that sense, Videocon has played a master stroke in increasing the salience of the brand. The punch line rhymes well Direct Hai, Correct Hai and gives a meaning to the brand and should help in building of the brand mantra. The circle of the logo can be interpreted as the button of your TV remote which is further a source of brand association. DTH has chosen Abhishek Bachchan as its bran d ambassador, looking at his clean image and family valuates. Below is the logo and copy of the DTH brand VIDEOCON DTH PRICING, MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTIONVideocon launched its Direct-to-Home services after a lot of other companies had already made their presence in the Indian food market however, ever since they launched their services they differentiated themselves by highlighting that they were only one to offer the customers crossways India the worlds first Satellite LCD, Satellite TV, Satellite DVD as well as the Satellite Box (STB). On one of the occasions Mr. Anil Khera, CEO, Bharat Business Channel Ltd. (BBCL) said, We are glad to introduce our satellite range of products and services. We are the in style(p) entrant in the DTH category in India, but surely not the same as others. We are creating a new category of Satellite Products. Our single(a) line of Satellite range of products is sure to catch the eye of todays consumer, who is looking for technological innovations . At Videocon d2h, we promise to deliver the current providing value for money to our consumers. The market segmentation for Videocon d2h primarily focused on women who are regular viewers and engage in daily soaps. In other cases, they also focus on women intend to learn English as an added feature of DTH service. Videocon also concentrated on children by providing games, dictionary, discovery videos, specially inbuilt Math, recognition and Social exercises etc, while older group of customers are offered special services such as videos of deities and programs with cultural and religious content. Hence, this marketing strategy focused on product the first P of marketing mix. Videocon d2h, considered worlds first satellite boob tube product introduced with the most advanced DTH Services, has a pan-India presence.Videocon d2h was first launched in the Punjab market, followed by a phase wise launch across various regions. Today, it is available in almost all cities of India and gro wn to a position where acquiring a connection is not a deterrent. Thus, Videocon has productively leveraged the use of place- the second P of marketing mix. Videocon d2h employs special marketing strategies for promotion and sales of its product. The steps to a lower place outline their strategies- * advertisements with the brand ambassadors (Secondary associations) The main reason lies in the fact that film stars and celebrities add the quotient of fun and entertainment to these services.Abhishek Bachchan was roped in to become the face of Videocon d2h and feature across all Videocon d2h brand and productcommunicationsincluding advertisements on TV, print, outdoor, radio. Videocon invested Rs 1billion to promote the brand and with time, Abhishek was instrumental in communicating the benefits to consumers across the country. * Packages form the other component of the promotion and sales that may come as discounts, offers or regional subscribe tos to pillowcase the customers. V ideocon has performed a customer categorization based on the needs and has customized various expressages suit their viewing preferences, location and tenure for which the customers want to buy.In A-La-Carte services, customers are given the option to design their own constrictage either by choosing individual channels or by combining two or more existing packages. The next marketing mix, Price played a part to increase their market share. When Videocon launched the set up boxed for its DTH services, the market already had big players. Thus, it was essential for them to use competitive pricing to enter the market and push volumes, acquire market share and take in itself as an option for the customers to buy the service. Therefore, set-top boxes were cheaper than the ones available in the market and pricing became an great strategy with Videocon across all its product lines.With encounter to Thomson technology, Videocon d2h has developed a patented hardware and CAS system and th is seem to work for them by cutting set-top boxes prices by half. The D2H prices were lower than its competitors such as Airtel and Tata sky as seen in the table. DTH PACKAGE NO OF CHANNELS COST PER MONTH COST PER CHANNEL pocketbook TV Titanium pack 193 332. 5 1. 722797927 Child pack 190 165 0. 868421053 Platinum Shine Pack+1 free top up190 312 - Gold 165 210 1. 272727273 Silver 145 125 0. 862068966 South platinum 190 312 1. 642105263 South Gold 155 190 1. 225806452 South Silver 145 125 0. 862068966D2h Gold pack 125 150 1. 2 rhombus pack 165 275 1. 666666667 Airtel Super value 110 127 1. 154545455 New value 118 160 1. 355932203 Economy 155 221 1. 425806452 Mega 177 304 1. 717514124 Ultra 184 364 1. 97826087 BIG TV Value pack 81 90+ Taxes 1. 111111 + Taxes Bronze pack 111 135+ Taxes 1. 216216 + Taxes Silver pack 123 180+Taxes 1. 463414 + Taxes Gold pack 138 225+Taxes 1. 630434 + Taxes Diamond pack 152 270+Taxes 1. 776315 + Taxes Platinum pack 156 315+Taxes 2. 0192 30 + Taxes TATA hawk Super Hit pack 63 160 2. 53968254 Super Value pack 103 200 1. 941747573 Super Value Kids pack 104 225 2. 163461538 Super Saver pack 124 275 2. 217741935 Distribution Companies such as Videocon have a strong distribution and dealer network in India with presence in almost all cities. Moreover, Videocon has leveraged its tie up with channel partners, which are hard to break, in order to better penetrate the market and reach customers. * Videocon connected with Tech Mahindra as their IT partners and IBM to provide an handsome technology infrastructure. * Videocons, media arm Bharat Business Channeland its partners offer scalable Conditional Access system (CAS) that protects content conveyed over cable networks. With 75,000+ Distributor/Dealer/Sub-dealer base, Videocon provides the best regional content. * Channel partners have enabled Videocon to offer bulk services (value added services/active services/products) and decrease the distribution costs. The prece ding(prenominal) points poses a major flagellum in front of the new entrant as Videocon d2h already serves with the channels and the newentrantwillhavetopersuadethechannelsto accept its product through high margins, promotional allowances,bettercreditfacilitiesandadvertising support, which will reduce the profits. Thus, Videocon d2h experiences a cost advantage as compared to new entrants. BRAND EXPLORATORYCUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE DTH market in India is growing rapidly. This is estimated to grow at a rapid rate of 24%. With the government of our country deciding on digitizing the whole cable network, the potential for growth is rattling enormous. To tap this growing market, corporate giants across the country are making their presence felt in this growing DTH segment. While in most countries across the world, only 2 or 3 DTH operators operate, in India there are 6 DTH operators. The competition is really fierce and they are biting off each others market share for growth at this moment. But the fact to be discover here is that the customer is the ultimate beneficiary.Find below the market share of the Indian DTH operators as on July 2011 DTH operator Launched in Market Share Subscribers Dish TV Jun-05 31% 11000000 Airtel Nov-08 17% 5600000 TATA Sky Sep-06 19% 6000000 Sun Direct Mar-08 16% 5500000 Big TV Sep-08 9% 3600000 Videocon DTH Apr-09 8% 3000000 Videocon was the last player to foray into the market with its Value for Money proposition of its DTH. As already shown in the exhibit before, Videocon DTH provides the best Value for Money across various entry packs. A Summary of the comparison across various DTH operators is shown below (Source www. indiabroadband. com) VIDEOCON D2H Growth Videocon D2H is growing rapidly. It is estimated to outpace Big TV in the following year.Videocon D2H is also the most successful brand in the last quarter. The growth of its brand is clearly visible. Videocon d2h acquired 7. 47 lakh subscribers in the first quarter of FY 2011, which is more than its competitors. Rapid advertisement spends is also planned for this purpose. Rs 800million is the allotted budget for ad-spends for 2012-13. They hope to increase their market share to 11% by the end of this year. Videocons potential in this emerging market can be tapped by this strategy only. The general BDI/CDI matrix indicates the following Category Development CDI0. 027 BDI 0. 0028 lofty MEDIUM LOW Brand Development HIGH MEDIUM Market Leader PositionsStronger base from which to build share LOW Position of Videocon Cost of Obtaining Initial sentiency and trial is high The ad disbursal of Videocon is therefore justified as indicated by its BDI/CDI matrix. This is strengthened by the fact that Videocon has very less good will with respect to the perfect Assets it possess. This contributes to just 0. 0015% of the total assets and has been in a decline as indicated by the graph below. With this at the background, it was also intended to carry out a s tudy to determine what factors check the purchasing and recommending power of the user. The study was conducted based on reviews obtained from www. mouthshutreview. com.The data indicated the presence of two important variables. The significance of the same was tested. The two variables are * Price and features(including Service) * Advertisement Based on these factors two hypotheses were formulated. These were subjected to statistical test based upon the data obtained from 30 reviewers. The variables had significant amount of co-relation between them and were identified as two important factors. The hypotheses based on these factors are Hypotheses H1 Sale of Videocon D2H does not depend upon Price and features offered Rejected H2 Sale of Videocon D2H is not influenced by advertisement Accepted Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.Deviation Movie 31 1 5 2. 87 1. 648 Quality of Display 31 1 5 3. 42 1. 544 Service 31 1 5 3. 29 1. 553 Interactive services 31 1 5 2. 81 1. 662 Price 31 1 5 2. 97 1. 169 Advertisement 31 1 4 2. 29 . 902 Valid N (listwise) 31 Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error of import 1 (Constant) 3. 065 . 169 18. 111 . 000 REGR factor score 1 for analysis 1 . 911 . 172 . 706 5. 294 . 000 REGR factor score 2 for analysis 1 . 070 . 172 . 054 . 404 . 689 a. Dependent Variable Recommendation measuring rod BRAND STRENGTH 1.This project has measured the Brand strength with respect to its overall sales recommendation provided by the users across the country. 2. The Score for recommendation depends on Price and features and does not depend upon advertisement spends. 3. The co-efficient indicate the fact that with a 0. 911 unit increase in price and features provided the brand strength in terms of its recommendation power increases by 1 unit. SOURCES OF BRAND EQUITY Videocon D2H tries to derive its brand equity from the following sources * Logo * Corporate * Brand * Brand Ambassadors * Brand elements * Revamped Videocon logo * Brand * Characters Chau and Maou * Punch line * Technology MPEG-4The two major sources of brand equity are brand awareness and brand image. Brand awareness further consists of brand recall and brand recognition. Based on our interviews, we found that D2H fares poorly on these dimensions, as respondents failed to confirm prior exposure to the brand. Especially along the brand recall dimension, D2H fares poorly as given the product category of satellite television, respondents failed to recall the brand. It can be thus said that Videocon marketers failed to establish the brand node in the memory of the consumers and hence failed to create a brand association. A positive brand image happens when strong, favorable and unique associations are created in the memory.Strong and favorable associations have already been created in the minds, due to the secondary association of the corporate brand Videocon. However, the uniqueness assoc iation is still evolving. In an tone-beginning to achieve this, D2H has managed to score a few points when it has tried to offer the LCD TVs with built-in set top boxes. D2H has a number of attributes that it competitors do not. D2H offers a roomy range of regional channels. However, it is not cashing in on these brand attributes. It needs to be found out if consumers derive brand benefits out of these attributes. It may be the case that a large no. of regional channels are available but consumers attach no importance to them and hence derive no brand benefit.CBBE FOR DTH Shown above, is the Consumer based brand equity model theorized by branding Guru Kevin Keller. This model says that consumer based brand equity happens when consumers provide a differential solution to marketing activities of the brand, and talks about how consumer knowledge affects their response to those marketing activities due to the brand equity. The base of the pyramid model talks about Brand saliency. Sa lience is the measure of how frequently the brand is evoked under various situations. We believe that the brand has a low salience chiefly due to the fact that it is a young brand has not got enough time to build brand equity.Also, it seems that the marketing spend by competitors is much bigger in terms of above the line communication. Albeit, one can say, that the name Videocon itself is a potent cue for brand recall. Brand performance is what the firm tells customers about the brand in their communications. So this will mean how the brand will perform, what features it will provide, and how the customer can benefit from its use. Brand performance includes dimensions that differentiate the brand. D2H differentiates itself by offering more regional channels, more total channels and bundled services as shown above in the pyramid. Brand imagery includes the way in which the brand attempts to meet the customers psychological needs.It is the way people think about the brand abstractly. The different intangibles that are abstract and can be linked to a brand are user profiles, personality, values, history, heritage and experiences. Videocon has a long history in India as one of the pioneers in consumer electronics and D2H builds on this brand imagery. Also, the corporate brand Videocon stands for fairly tried and true product quality for the mass market. The imagery that D2H has built includes entertainment variety, lot of consumer options, easy honorarium and channel flexibility. Brand judgment is formed by position together all of the brand images and performance associations. The 4 judgments where D2H rates are as followsQuality Consumer may view Videocon as a fairly good quality brand which can bring all the values of its parent brand combined with reliability and efficient service. Credibility Consumers rate Videocon low in terms of perceived expertise and this can be due to the presence of several international giants. However, in the D2H segment, the perc eived quality will approximately be the same for all competitors. Consideration Customers rate Videocon fairly high in terms of its inclusion in their consideration set. They will consider the brand to be relevant because strong and favorable associations have been created by the brand. Brand feelings are customers emotional reactions and responses to the brand.D2H, through its ad campaigns has generated the feelings that it is sort of the pioneer in offering the LCD with the built in set-top-box in India. Also, its campaigns generate a feeling that it is a technology intensive brand using all the latest technologies like MPEG-4 and so on. The Direct Hai, correct Hai campaign generates the feeling that direct satellite technology is the best technology for the consumer. BRAND POSITIONING POD AND POP Points of difference are attributes or benefits that customers strongly associate with a brand, positively view it and believe they cannot find to the same extent with a competitive bran d (Keller, Parameswaran, Jacob, 2011). D2H has set up a number of schemes and attributes to differentiate itself from its competitors.D2H has the following PODs * TVs with built in STBs * More regional channels than competitors * More HD channels * Claim to be the first industry player to introduce 3D TV * User friendly payment system * Leverages the brand equity of Videocon and its experience with consumer business The HD DVR offered by D2H is the first in the industry and instantly differentiates it from its competitors. With a lot of hype being created about HDTV, D2H can set up an ideal platform that can be leveraged to extract benefits out of other HD offerings. Young urban consumers love to make transactions online and this will also help D2H in eliminating its fixed costs.The online payment system will further differentiate D2H on the convenience dimension. Points of parity are not unique to one brand but may be shared with other brands. (Keller, Parameswaran, Jacob, 2011). C ategory points of parity are necessary but not sufficient conditions for positioning. Competitive points of parity negate competitors points of differences. Especially, during product line extensions, it is exact that ideal POPs be clearly established to gain customer credibility and trust. Videocon sure has a long drawn consumer electronics background but it needs to create sufficient points of parity to convince the consumer that it is a serious player in the D2H industry.The POPs are as follows * A generic Direct to home satellite television provider * Satisfies all the basic needs of a DTH provider * Provides options in the form of packages, products, services * Strong network of deals, service personnel and technicians * Call centers to visit customer queries THREATS TO BRAND EQUITY RECOMMENDATIONS TO SUSTAIN BRAND EQUITY * Brand Architecture * Brand Hierachy * Brand Growth Strategy Bibliography 1. http//www. videocond2h. com/wsc/products. aspx 2. http//www. videocond2h. com/ wsc/packages. aspx 3. http//indiandth. in/Thread-Big-CBS-Prime-hops-on-to-Videocon-d2h 4. http//www. adgully. com/marketing/abhishek-bachchan-to-endorse-videocons-d2h. hypertext markup language 5.

Describe the main strengths and weaknesses of Utilitarianism Essay

Strengths* Utilitarianism is simple. It doesnt strike a lot of complex rules, but instead the individual can decide would be the best, by how it affects others.* It is flexible no law or principle is unchallengeable.* It allows for circumstance, so you can decide what is the best thing to do given the new circumstance.* It ties in with the Christian ethic of unconditional love, as preached by Jesus.* If someone believes that both lying and breaking promises ar acts that are intrinsically wrong, utilitarianism provides a scrupulous federal agency in which they can choose which moral rule to break if forced to make a choice between them.* The emphasis on impartiality, humanity and altruism is to be commended.* There is no need to consider precedents as absolute just because one exploit worked for someone does not mean that it moldiness be enforced again, when it may not work for someone else.* It is also attractive to secular thinkers, because it makes no grand claims to the su pernatural or metaphysical. It appeals to tangible results the consequences of an action will be perceived.Weaknesses* What do we mean by happiness? What makes us happy? It is hard to define happiness as it varies with person to person.* Should happiness incessantly be pursued? What if we can plainly be happy if we achieve it in a bad way? Like if a murderer is only happy if he kills someone.* How can we say that happiness from one pleasure is greater than from other? There is no way to tell if a hero is any to a greater extent happy than someone not so clever.* Humans do not always treat each other equal. We care more about the people close to us and would give them more consideration in an ethical dilemma. Some would claim that utilitarians are simply idealistic and fantastic because they do not accurately evaluate human behaviour and just assume we are all perfect, caring equally for e actuallyone.* It is impossible to be plastered about a consequence, which is a general p roblem with teleological ethics.* It is very difficult to measure pleasure given by any take. It will turn over a great deal of time, thought and study, considering effects on both people and the situation.* Can we compare one persons happiness to another persons happiness?* If only the total happiness counts, imagine these two situations A 80% population live very well and are very happy because the other 20% are their slaves. B There are no slaves and everyone is happy but not as happy as the 80% in situation A. The total and average happiness in both situations is the same, therefore to a utilitarian there is no difference between the two, and both are equally morally right, but slavery is considered wrong.* Is Act Utilitarianism to a fault demanding? Someone buys a TV for 500, which would make them happy but they could also spend the bills saving 1000 lives in Africa. Some Act utilitarians would argue that, yes, we should send most of our money overseas, since that would fi x the most happiness for the most people, but is that too demanding?* The refusal to acknowledge intrinsically wrong acts a judge might convict an innocent man in order to prevent a riot that would come after if he were not convicted a utilitarian would argue that this is permissible because more people would be made unhappy by the lack of a belief and the riot but is it intrinsically wrong to imprison or execute an innocent man?* Act utilitarians might accuse predominate utilitarians of being legalistic whats the point, they could say, of following a rule when it is clear that the consequences will decrease happiness? In their view, past experience can only give guidelines, not rules.* Rule utilitarianism may just be act utilitarianism in disguise all the rules are focussed around the maximisation of happiness. Rule utilitarians believe that the best way to maximise happiness is to maximise happiness with every act- but this is just act utilitarianism.* Human rights, justices, and other such values may not have any place in a utilitarian ethical system if the wishes of the majority override them.* Christians, Muslims, and others of religious faith would argue that god decides what is rights, and what is the best outcome it is not four humans to try to calculate.* Utilitarianism ignores meaning well benevolent motives.* Utilitarianism seems to require more of a human that many are capable of providing* effective as there are no absolutes for determining acts which are intrinsically wrong, there is also no way to define what is universally good.* There essential be sufficient account taken of the minority view the majority are not always right, even though the satisfaction of their wishes might create the most happiness.

Crime and Criminal Justice: Dilemmas of Social Control Essay

Brief Introduction Over the years, the people and the government seek to mother the balance of power and the capability to maintain social order. The emergence of state policies in the executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government adhere to the peoples interest to bear on freedom and democracy with the protection of human rights and dignity and the preservation of a peaceful and prosperous society.This paper will discuss the parameters involved in determining and analyzing why and how the state policies are made and its significance to social control.Defining the Concepts According to Cochran, et.al, authors of American Public form _or_ system of government An Introduction, published in 2006, insurance analysis is the interpretation and examination of underlying background and reasons behind the adoption and implementation of a particular policy. Further cited from the book, policy analysis is not rank neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values. In addition, based on the book, public policy is being enacted and implemented with purpose and intent. unless a public policy is given classifications according to purposes, types and goods. What is then referred to for the classification of a public policy is its relevance to moral and social values such(prenominal) as the covering of the rule of law deterrent to crime and the enactment of punishment. However, public policy does not only empower a particular application on the rule of law that represent punishment on common crimes like burglary and theft, murder and homicide, sexual abuse, grave harassment, alarm and public scandal, among others, that are either being considered as neighborhood and street crimes.The Policy on Homeland earnest The 9/11 US tragedy has brought about fear and jeopardy to American people as they are the most vulnerable casualties of terrorist attacks. The move terrorist threats were determined by the US government as a clear an d continuing danger to all Americans in general.Classification and Purpose of enacting the Homeland Security Acti) As Cochran, et.al pointed out, the classification of a public policy under the kin or type on public security is determined by its broader scope in maintaining peace and order, adoption of the governments security policy for the purpose of preventing internal and external threats to lives, properties and liberties of the majority of people and that, as a whole, representing the country itself.ii) For the purpose of protecting the lives and properties of American people, the US government enacted the Homeland Security Act as a topic security policy that refers to responding on the urgency of US defense against adversary attack and a call for national emergency. Based on President George W. Bushs statement addressing the American public on the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, homeland security essential be a responsibility shared across the entire nation to furt her develop a national culture of preparedness. In addition he said that the United States local, Tribal, State, and Federal governments, faith-based and community organizations, and businesses must be partners in securing the homeland.Adoption of Homeland Security Act as a Public PolicyPresident Bushs statement on shared responsibility refers to the role of the American people and the US Federal government agencies to participate in civic affairs. The civic affairs is the response to national emergencies that does not only represent counter-terrorism but addressing the welfare and services. According to the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security, the face line role of the American public is not only to help in preventing terrorism but to respond in various natural and unreal emergencies, and the government to act on internal and external law enforcement.Based on the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security, it has enjoined the strictest law enforcement on crossing borders by scruti nizing the immigration of people and exportation of commodities to the US, and by empowering the capabilities of law enforcement through provision of modernized facilities. Also, the legislation of the Patriot Act and Protect America Act of 2007 has modify the US Judiciary to prosecute common criminals.Policy EvaluationThe US Homeland Security Act is a policy that is being implemented with a broader scope. It can be noted that the enactment of the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security together with the Patriot Act and Protect America Act of 2007 take aim brought about strengthening of both national and international law enforcement. It is not only the national concern of the US government to countering terrorism but too to preventing the proliferation of common crimes in the homeland.Another perception that would best fit in evaluating the broadened scope of US Homeland Security Act implementation is its influencing and incorporating power to scotch policies be it homeland and overseas. The sanction on law enforcement is likewise carried out at a global magnitude wherein policy on security through counter terrorism collaborates with international allied governments.Works CitedAmerican Public Policy An Introduction. 2006. Cochran, Mayer, Carr and CayerThompson/Wadsworth Publishing, 8th Edition. ISBN 0-534-60163-4.National Strategy for Homeland Security. October 2007. US Department of State.

Motivation Theory Essay

IntroductionNowadays, most companies goal is to tap its profit. To do so, the component of the company must cooperate with each other. The cured (CEO and tutors) must build a good relationship with the junior (employees) in coif to know the thought of the employees. After understanding the thought and the ask of the histrions, the beside step is dupeing demand theory to the employees in order to achieve the goal of the company. There are many motivation theories in managing human resources, but none is universally accepted.Each theory has its strength and weakness. It depends on the senior thought to decide which theory they go forth use to motivate their stimulateers. This essay will prove about the content theory of Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene Theory and the unconscious process theory of Adams rightfulness Theory. It overly discusses how commerce practice tush affect employees motivation and the similarities and differences from both theories.Content theoriesCon tent theories explain the needs of individuals that required individual to fulfil them, factors that motivate quite a little in workplace and what drive people behaviour. There are four pioneers in content theory of motivation Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Alderfers ERG Theory, McClellands Theory of Needs, and McGregors Theory X and Theory Y.The Motivation-Hygiene TheoryFrederick Herzberg was an Ameri gouge psychologist and professor of management (Herzberg 1968). He was known for acquainting job enrichment and Motivation-Hygiene Theory into business management. This theory is a extend from a enquiry study made by Frederick Herzberg and his partners (Mausner & Snyderman) at the University of Pittsburgh in 1950s. Some studies do find similarities between Herzbergs and Maslows hierarchy of needs theory which divides the need of an employee into two level, high-order needs (self-actualisation needs and esteem needs) and lower-order need (soci al needs, salary needs and physiological needs), but yet at that place is no well evidence to support those similarities.Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory was based on the result of the survey of 200 engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh that he made in 1950s. Each force field was asked to describe the duration in their work is when they felt happy and unhappy and the description of events that give them positive and negative feeling. And as a result from the survey, Herzberg cogitate that there are two-factor theory that affects an employee performance on workplace.Satisfier or motivator on the jobWhat satisfies and motivates employees in workplace is called motivation factors. Each subject from the research study pointed a different factor that motivates them in workplace. As a ending from the survey, Herzberg concluded that there are 6 factors that motivate workers on their work. These factors tie in to job content congenital factors that are related to workers work. Motivator factors leads to a higher effort, performance and delight of an employee to their job. Motivation factors are required if managers want to exploit workers performance in workplace. According to Herzberg, workers will not perform maximum in their work if one of these factors are absent (Wood 2006). An absence of one of these factors can bringd dissatisfaction on work. Similarly, if all the factors are present, it can cause job satisfaction (Ivancevich & Matteson 1999). These factors are similar to Maslows higher order need.Based on Herzbergs survey, the 6 factors that motivate a worker in workplace are* AchievementEmployee performing well on their jobs in order to achieve something such as promotion, bonus, reward, self-esteem.* RecognitionEmployees will be more than make if they feel they have original the appropriate recognition from company.* ResponsibilityEmployees will perform maximise if they realize that they have responsibility for their work and to the compa ny.* Work itself tune satisfaction will be achieve if the employees itself feels comfortable and enjoy their work itself.* AdvancementEmployees are motivated because there is promotion on their job.* Personal growthEmployees point out that the job itself gives them a new knowledge.Workers will get motivated when there is a reward for their work. An extra authority of the job from managers will motivated them as they realized that they have responsibility for their work. As they are more motivated for their work, their performance will improve and this will give them more skill which affect their personal growth.Dissatisfier of hygiene factor on the jobWithout hygiene factors, workers will become dissatisfied and they will not perform well on their job. Hygiene factors which include the environment of workplace do not higher the worker motivation, but they do have big influence on workers performance because without them, workers will not perform maximises.According to Herzbergs the ory, beside a strong motivation that motivates the employees to perform maximise on their work, a comfortable and supporting workplace also affect their performance. Lambert (2008) stated that dissatisfiers are not the main cause that caused employee leaving an organisation, but they are the main causes that caused employees unhappy on their work and absenteeism.The 8 factors that prevent dissatisfaction of workers in workplace which related to job context the environment and extrinsic factors of the job according to Herzbergs research* Company policy and administration* Supervision* Relationship with supervisor* Work check offs* Salary* Relationship with co-workers* spot* SecurityProcess theoryProcess theory provides the understanding of how thought processes of people mind influence an individual behaviour and how it motivates the individual. Two famous process theories of motivation that are known in business management are Adams equity theory and Vrooms expectancy theory. cand our theoryEquity theory is a thought where workers motivation is affected by the work outcomes that they receive from the company as the exchange rewards for their work. This theory was also considered as one of the justice theories because it believes that workers will be more motivated if they have received a proper treatment as they have contributed to the company. Equity theory was developed in 1963 by John Stacey Adams a workplace and behavioural psychologist.Workers tend to compare their efforts and performance with their co-workers. A comparison with others results to three conclusion* Under-rewarded input outcomes* Over-rewarded input outcomes* Equitably rewarded input = outcomesNegative inequity is a result from the unequal rewards that an employee received for the inputs that the employees have contributed to the company (Wood 2006). The following ways are you to recover negative felt inequity of an employee changing inputs changing outcomes changing attitudes of the wor kers itselfMotivating with equity theoryTo motivate workers with equity theory, managers are required to blueprint an appropriate reward for workers. There are 3 steps in motivating workers with equity theory * Setting rewards for workers.* Workers make equity comparison.* Workers job satisfaction and performance are affected. (Wood 2006)How can job design affect employees motivation?Job design is a process which provides way to make a planning for specific job labor to ensure that the job itself is well organized. It also removes the obstacle that might obstruct the work. A proper job design will lead job satisfaction, improve employee motivation, reduced employees turnover and absenteeism (Brannick & Levine 2002).There are four methods that are used to improve work efficiency and job satisfaction* Job simplification* Job enlargement* Job rotation* Job enrichmentJob enrichmentJob enrichment was also introduced by Frederick Herzberg. Job enrichment is the practice of structure mo tivating factors into job content (Wood 2006, p. 162). This strategy of job design is focusing on expanding and evaluating the employees tasks. This action is made to improve the work processes and environments to that the employees are reciprocate and perform well on their work. Some workers might feel bored and unsatisfied with their work due to lack of a challenge, repetitive work procedures. Job enrichment makes work more challenging so that the workers are more motivated. Job enrichment is an on-going management process, so the result will affect the workers for a long time (Herzberg 2008). Because the effects are long lasting, managers should decide carefully before making decision to apply job enrichment to the workers.There are three steps techniques to apply job enrichment to workers1. Turn employees effort into performance.2. Link employees performance directly to reward.3. Make sure the employee wants the reward.Managers should apply job design to every worker in order t o achieve job satisfaction and to avoid skills mismatch of employee and their job which will decrease the productivity level of the employee. Job design can be through with(p) by doing observation and interviews to employees to know what are their skills and needs (Hackman 1976). This will help managers to decide which job is appropriate for the workers. Job design makes workers work easier as their task has been planned and scheduled so that the obstacle that will face less obstacle during their work.ComparisonBoth Adams Equity Theory and Herzbergs motivation factors believes that one of the factors that affects workers performance is the payoff that they received from the company as a payment for their contribution to the company. If they feel that they have received unequal payoff for their hard work, they will not perform well and this tend to make them decrease their work performance. The reward can be in form of bonus, promotion, and reward. There are two types of rewards tha t can boost workers performance inhering rewards and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic rewards are rewards that are part of the job itself and it can increases personal satisfaction and self-esteem and is self-rewarded.Some example of intrinsic rewards is feedback, responsibility, praise or rewards that are self-administered. Extrinsic rewards are rewards external from the job, i.e., bonus, promotion, awards, pays, days off. Frederick Herzberg founds out that intrinsic rewards are stronger than extrinsic rewards because rewards like money tend to be zero out. If a worker always get praise by their manager or co-workers which increase the personal satisfaction, this will keep motivated them to perform well and as the payoff is, they get more bonus from the company. To sum up, intrinsic rewards may lead to extrinsic rewards.ContrastBased on Herzbergs research survey, most of the factors which can lead to workers dissatisfaction are related to work environment. The condition of workplace e nvironment is very influential to worker performance because if the workers feel uncomfortable with the environment workplace, they will not perform well on their work (Locke 1976). As an example, a workplace without any fan or air conditioner will make workers cannot focus maximise as the temperature is hot. While Adams Equity Theory only claims that workers performance is affected by the outcome that they received from the company.BibliographyBrannick, M. T. and Levine, E. L., 2002. Job analysis. CA Sage Publications, Inc. Hackman, J. R. 1976. Work design. Santa Monica, CA Goodyear. Herzberg, F. 1968. One more time how do you motivate employees?. Harvard Business Review, vol. 46(1), pp. 5362. Herzberg, F., 2008. One more time how do you motivate employees?. Harvard Business Review, 65(5), pp.109-120. Ivancevich, J. M. and Matteson, M. T., 1999. Organizational behaviour and management. 5th ed. capital of Singapore McGraw-Hill Book Co. Lambert, L., 2008. Exit stage right. HRMonthly, February Issue, pp. 28-31. Locke, 1976. Organizational behavior affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, p. 282. Wood, J. et al., 2006. Organisational behaviour core concepts and applications. Milton Qld John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Learning Theories Essay

Analytical and consequent Learning. The student accepts through a step-by-step method. He whole caboodle out a problem in stages. He uses logic in his initial analysis as he looks at every single angle of the equation like in Algebra. He does it in sequence. He is very detailed and has to extrapolate the problem right from the start, earlier he moves on to the neighboring step. A Power Point founding will not work out with the Analytical and Sequential learner because of his attachment to details. He is not likely to appreciate and learn from a very conclude and summarized presentation.He would rather finish with the commencement exercise step completely when he has fully understood it before he will move to the next step. 2. Visual Learning. In this style, the student learns from what he sees. His focus is mainly on the visual aspects of the method like written words and figures, colorful designs and charts. He has to see things first before he understands them through ot her means or medium. It would be slightly difficult for him to understand a lecture in itself without some sort of illustration of the lessons.A Power Point Presentation will appeal to the Visual type of learner because of the pictures and figures in it, for him to digest the lesson further and easier. 3. auditory Learning. Auditory learners are those who assimilate things through what they see. They learn best from oral lectures and verbal discussion. They are not flurry by sounds, like music, when studying. They understand directions better when these are given verbally. They are adept at grammar and exotic language skills mostly from just listening.Power Point Presentations may be po rideionly effective only because of the sound effects that jolt them into attention, before they can be expected to absorb the written part of the presentation. The Auditory learners are on the slow side with visuals and written concepts. 4. Kinesthetic Learning. The Kinesthetic learners are thos e who learn best through the use of their hands, or the schooling-by-doing style. They are the physically active persons who can not hang-up put for long and who need to take breaks every once in a while.As sit down lectures are not for them, Power Point Presentations will not be an effective learning tool for them. They are the kinds who are more into the observation tours outside of the classrooms.References Fleming, G. (2009). Analytical and Sequential Learning. About. Com. Retrieved May 1, 2009 from http//homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/analytic. htm Fleming, G. (2009). Learning Styles. About. Com. Retrieved May 1, 2009 from http//homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/learningstyle. htm

Cafe de Coral Marketing Paper Essay

1. IntroductionBackground informationThis marketing plan is base on the bustling work eatery in Hong Kong market and the Caf de Coral convocation is focus in this plan. The Group was compound in October 1968, it is principally engaged in the victuals and cater industry as largest Chinese quick service restaurant sort push through, maintaining a publicly recognized leadership position in the mass-market, quick service restaurant chain short letter, with vertical and horizontal diversification towards the food go, food processing and distri furtherion, catering and hospitality sectors in Hong Kong.It has prospered through the concept of customer oriented by increasing the environmental, product and services qualities. Besides, it combines the Chinese and horse opera food cultural in order to create the fashion of steady occasional(a) dining for wellness and nutritional life sort and reserve a modern and warm nonplus for the customers.2. period Market Situation3.1 Marke t AnalysisCaf de Coral is a major Chinese quick service restaurant chain in Hong Kong. Following is an everywhereview of the potential in the catering market and a specialized review of the fast food restaurant market.(a) Overview of the opportunities in the catering market* Hong Kong probably is the around wel come alongd tourist attraction in Asia. By the forecast of the World Tourism Organization, Hong Kong is the fifth most frequently visited termination in the world, accounted for 57 millionvisitors per year by year 2020 (InvestHK, 2012). * The majority of tourist population is come from the Mainland China (InvestHK, 2012) and this would probably flavors the Chinese style culinary art or catering services. * The persistence of pompousness in Hong Kong may induce the demand of fast food instead of ordinary or prodigality cuisines.(b) circumstantial review of the fast food restaurant market* There atomic number 18 15,757 fast food shop kin establishments in Hong Kon g, hiring for 41,319 people (InvestHK, 2012). * According to a survey sponsored by Mingpao and conducted by the Chinese University of Hong Kong(2011), Caf de Coral acquired the titles of most mentioned catering brand and most beloved catering brand among the three major fast food chains (namely Caf de Coral, Maxims and Fairwood). * Caf de Coral is keeping expanding its market share in both catering market and specifically the fast food market. In year 2010, Caf de Coral has expanded its market share in fast food market successfully to 24.8% and in catering market to 4.6%(Commercial Radio, 2010).3.2 Company AnalysisThe Group was incorporated in October 1968 and went public in July 1986 on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, which was the first of its kind at the while of listing. In October 2001, it was appointed as one of the top 200 constituents of The Hang Seng Composite Index Series. by and by 42 years of development, it has become the market leader in the Hong Kong fast food indu stry with over 24.8% market share in the Quick Service Restaurant segment and 4.6% of the total dining verboten industry in Hong Kong. Its business operation spans over 2 continents with more than than 300 operating units in Hong Kong.Over the past years, the Group advanced in strides in profit performance and in its business dimensions. The continuous business growth records over the years speak for itself, recording multiple growths in damage of market capitalization, turnover, profits, employees and sack up assets value. The Groups market cap augmentd by over 20 times, turnover by over 19 times,profit by over 14 times and net assets by over 51 times since listing, with a dedicated workforce of 6,500.3.3 SWOT Analysis2.3.1 Strengths(a) harvest-feast DiversityThe Groups menu regularly rotated to maintain a variety of choices and to assemble the admiration and budgets of customers. Products on menu grasp from western cuisine to traditional Chinese dishes. New and seasonal wo rker worker worker products for each time segment are introduced regularly.(b) Strong AdvertisingA Hundred Points of Excellence has been the load to customers and is now a household catch phrase. As part of on-going campaign to strengthen the Caf de Coral brand, proactive advertising campaigns are launched on a continual basis. Through the campaign, the brand image has been further enhance by positioning Caf de Coral as a place not just for best taste and value meals but also a popular meeting place for all walks of life.2.3.2 Weakness(a) relatively High Selling PriceThe food price of Caf de Coral is high in generally by comparing with the topical anesthetic style cha chaan teng and fast food restaurant in Hong Kong. This make outs a comparative single out for the Group.(b) Bad Public RelationIn 2010, Caf de Coral has offered its staffs that they must forfeit their p support lunch name of approximately 45 minutes a day, a net cut in their pay. Political parties, unions, appar itional groups and students unions of universities, had organized and boycott Caf de Coral. After that, Caf de Coral had label as Too Acrimonious.2.3.3 Opportunities(a) Individual VisitsThe government issue of individual visitor from mainland China keep increasing, and most of the visitors from mainland China flavor the Chinese style cuisine or catering services desire Caf de Corals dishes.(c) Inflation in Hong KongThe persistence of inflation in Hong Kong may induce the demand of fast food instead of ordinary or luxury cuisines. As Caf de Coral maintaining a publicly recognized leadership position in fast food chains which benefits from increasing demand of fast food.2.3.4 Threats(a) High Rental CostThe rent in Hong Kong is most the highest among the world. According to the report of SingTao, about 40% of production cost is rental cost. And the rental cost keeps increase every year by 30% to 50%. Some of the restaurant freighternot afford the high rental cost and go bankrupt i n recent year.(b) Price of Ingredient IncreaseUnder persistence of the appreciation in RMB, the price of food member keeps increasing. According to the report of SingTao, the price of food ingredient increasing by 25% which is 35% to 45% of the production cost.3.4 Competitor AnalysisThere are two major direct competitor in Hong Kong include Maxim and Fairwood. And there are about other indirect competitor including international chain fast food restaurant, Chinese restaurant, local style cha chaan teng, etc.Fairwoods quick service restaurants serve mainly Chinese food. Its menu is frequently changed with seasonal favorites. Despite its Chinese predominance, its menu is enriched by the adoption of Western dishes that have been carefully redesigned to suit local tastes in order to enhance itsattractiveness. Also, Fairwoods philosophy has always been to provide a wide range of beneficial shade Chinese and Western cuisine at affordable prices in a bright, dust and modern ambience.M axims quick service restaurants are bringing to customers a variety of quality dishes, a new interior and contented dining environment. Also, Maxims philosophy is Whole-Hearted Mission that is to surprise, enchant and inspire customers with a unique dining experience.International chain fast food restaurant like McDonald, KFC are indirect competitor of Caf de Coral. These types of fast food restaurant are western style, usually with French fries and hamburger. Their nates customers are general public with contrary nationality and culture. And they are especially focus on two-year-old people market.Chinese restaurants are focus on the middle age and sr. market. They provide traditional Chinese dished like dim sum for customer. They are not position as quick service restaurant and they provide a place for customer eating slowly and chatting with family, friends and co-workers.local anesthetic style cha chaan teng are focus on low-mid income running(a) class market. They are qui ck service restaurant provide affordable dishes for customer. The envirnment of cha chaan teng are crowded and noisy which is not equal for having a relaxing and comfortable dinning experience.3.5 Customer Analysis2.5.1Market Segments(a) Segment A Visitor from China The segment consists of visitors who are Chinese residents and having a Chinese style eating habit.(b) Segment B Family The segment consists of people who usually have dinner party outside and do not cook their dinner at home with small family size.(c) Segment C Teenager and tender adult The segment consists of people who ages are between 15 and 45 and they bang heap uping with friend.2.5.2 Bases or variables of Segmentation used(a) Geographic SegmentationGeographic segmentation divides the market of Hong Kong into group base on the variables of Region. Since the target customer of Caf de Coral are local low-mid income working class and visitor from mainland China, public housing estate and shopping plazas are cu llence in this segment. And the groups which segment out from the market are luxury residential areas and mid-level area.(b) Demographic SegmentationAge and Family Size are the discern variables used in this segment.As Caf de Coral adoption of Western dishes into the menu and have fusion of Chinese and Western food cultural which is suitable for the teenager and young adult, ages are between 15 and 45, and elder people do not prefer in this type of dishes. So Age is selected as a signalise variable.As most of family in Hong Kong are small in size and some of the family do not like to cook due to the con game and bustle city live in Hong Kong. These families prefer having dinner outside and Caf de Coral offer them a moment of leisure, relaxation and warm experience to go with the delicious dishes. So Family Size is selected as a samara variable.(c) Psychographic SegmentationIncome and Lifestyle are the key variables used in this segment.As the consumer behaviors and preferences of food will be affected by income. Local low-mid income working class will choose quick service restaurant withaffordable price due to the hustle and bustle city live in Hong Kong as a place of meeting place with friends and co-workers. So Income is selected as a key variable.As Hong Kong is an international city, people prefer a modern experience with fusion of Chinese and Western food cultural. Caf de Coral creates a fashion, health and nutritional dinning lifestyle for customers to gather with friends with warm and joyful experience. So Lifestyle is selected as a key variable.(d) Behavioral SegmentationBenefits is the key variable used in this segment. As city life in Hong Kong is hustle and bustle, convenient and alert are very important factors for customer to choose a restaurant in order to drive home their time. Also, Caf de Coral prospered through the concept of customer oriented by increasing the product and services qualities which make Caf de Coral publicly recognized le adership position in the mass-market.3. Target Market And Positioning3.1 Recommended target marketTeenager and young adult are recommended as a target market. Since teenager and young adult enjoy conference friends in restaurant and prefer a wide range of good quality dishes at affordable prices and a bright, clean and modern ambience. As Caf de coral adoption of Western dishes into the menu and have fusion of Chinese and Western food cultural with the fashion of fast fooling dining for health and nutritional lifestyle and provide a modern and joyful experience for customers, it is suitable for Caf de Coral to focus on teenager and young adult market.3.2 Recommended positionAs teenager and young adult are selected as target market, Caf de Coral isrecommended to position as a diversify, health and untiring quick services restaurant. Since teenager and young adult are keen on having new experience, diversified dishes can satisfy their wants. Also, teenager and young adult are carin g about their body shape, carriage and style, health and unwearying dishes can satisfy their wants and fulfill their perception.4. Market Objectives5.6 Build up a diversified, health and energetic brand imageIn order to build up a diversified, health and energetic brand image, Caf de Coral can make some advertisement in the internet and invite some young artist and singer to promote the new image. Caf de Coral can have some seasonal theme interior design for different western festival and play some soft but popular songs. This enhances the attractiveness of Caf de Coral as a good choice for young people gathering with friends.4.2 Design more new diversified, health and energetic menuThe menu may have more high fiber and low fat dishes which fits the image of health and energetic. Also the menus can have different seasonal and festival theme in order to satisfy the wants of diversification for young people. Also, Caf de Coral can provide more meal plan for friends instead of only p rovide individual meal plan.ReferencesCaf de Coral, 2012 http//www.cafedecoral.comEastweek, 2011. http//dev.eastweek.com.hk/index.php?aid=19412 InvestHK, 2012.http//www.investhk.gov.hk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/2012.07-foodservice-en.pdf Mingpao, 2011.http//marketing.mingpao.com/hkbrand/cfm/other.cfm?html=10c Commercial Radio, 2010.http//www.snb.hk/page/zh-tw/snb_report.aspx?ItemId=264449 Min Wage Research,2010. http//minwageresearch.blogspot.hk/2010/11/ongoing-cafe-de-coral-debacle.html

Critique of Ada and Affirmative Action Paper

Critique of ADA and Affirmative exploit Paper The population of the Unites States of America consists of a mannequin hoi polloi. Many races, cultures, and beliefs exist in the country. Individuals in any case vary upon characteristics, genetics, mental capabilities, and social status. The Unites States of America is known as the land of the opportunity (Home of Heroes, 2011) across the world. Individuals travel near and far to join the country. Over the years, many individuals imbibe come to the country. They have established families and became citizens.Other cultures, and even new(prenominal) characteristics, havent always been welcome. In the past years, individuals, organizations, educators, and governing have discriminated against these minority groups. Minority groups ranked at the bottom when being considered for a seam or school. Minority groups were not treated the same as the average population in many organizations and society. Two acts have been imposed to stop th e discrimination of these minorities. The imposed acts atomic number 18 known as Affirmative achieve and the Americans with Disability Act (ADA). This paper defines both imposed acts, past to present.Affirmative Action The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines Affirmative Action as positive steps taken to increase the government agency of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selectionselection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicityaffirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001) The history Affirmative Action has a long history. It was first used in the 1960s in the Civil Rights Act.In 1965 the President arranged Affirmative Action to be applied to federal contractors (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001). Imposing Affirmative Action resulted in organization creating quotas. Quotas are known as a plan to allow a precise tot up of individuals per minority to be hired or utilized. Due to these quotas, Affirmative Action wasnt take forming as expected. It was later determined, quotas are not applicable and defeat the purpose of Affirmative Action. The purpose Affirmative Action has a main purpose to create freshness between minorities and the larger populations.Affirmative Action mandates organizations, schools, and government to consider minority individuals without bias to minority. Minority individuals must receive the same treatment and opportunity as any other individual, who is not in a minority population. Controversy As with many other acts and laws, controversy follows Affirmative Action. Despite the purpose of Affirmative Action, individuals often argue the contents of the action are unconstitutional. Some organization set plans for Affirmative Action and controversy often follows.Many organizations still handle to have quotas, which cause controversy. Controversy se ems to be unlimited when concerning Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action may command to be strict to stop controversy, if possible. American Disability Act Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits hidden employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. (U. S. Equal opportunity Commission, 2008) The ADA covers employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations. The ADAs nondiscrimination standards also apply to federal sector employees under arm 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended, and its implementing rules. (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) ADA defines disabilities The Americans with Disabilities Act defines an incapacitate individual in by three factors.These factors include * Mental or physical stultification which hinders an individuals ability to perform one or more major life activities (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) * Has been diagnosed as having the impairment described * Has been regarded as having the impairment described Organization requirements The Americans with Disability Act requires organizations to follow specific guidelines to be compliant with ADA. Besides, giving disabled individuals equal opportunity to employment and education, the organizations must be functional for disabled.The organizations facility must be accessible. Schedules and work tools may need to be modified to fit disabled individuals. An employer is required to make a comely accommodation to the known disability of a qualified applicant or employee if it would not impose an un bonnie hardship on the operation of the employers business. Reasonable accommodations are adjustments or modif ications provided by an employer to enable people with disabilities to enjoy equal employment opportunities.Accommodations vary depending upon the needs of the individual applicant or employee. (U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission, 2008) Conclusion United States of America consist of many diverse individuals. Many of these individuals are included in minority groups. Minority groups have been treated poorly in the past. Although mistreatment of minority individual still occurs, specific acts imposed by the government have decreased the statistics. Affirmative Action was imposed to create fair and equal opportunity to minority groups.Affirmative Action includes government and educators. Americans with Disability Acts (ADA) is another act to embolden a specific minority, disabled. The ADA creates an equal opportunity for disabled individuals in the areas of work and education. This act covers hiring processes and reasonable accommodations. As the United States population grows, so do minority groups. The government has implemented these acts to give equity to the growing minorities. The country values equal employee opportunity.References Home of Heroes. (2009-2011). Land of Opportunity. Retrieved from http//www. homeofheroes. com/hallofheroes/2nd_floor/opportunity/index. html Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001, declination 28). Affirmative Action. Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/affirmative-action/ U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission. (2008, September 9). Facts About the Americans with Disability Act. Retrieved from http//www. eeoc. gov/facts/fs-ada. html